(...) seine Intention ging beständig weg von der besonderen Religion, ihrer unterschiedlichen Ausprägung und allem, woran das Interesse der Religionspolitiker hing, durch sie hindurch auf ihre Grundbedingung, die er im eigentlichen Sinne Religion nannte. Diese eine Religion - hier deutlichkeitshalber vielleicht wiederzugeben als Religiosität oder Frömmigkeit - hielt er für das wahre religiöse Faktum, gemeinmenschlich wie die Vernunft. (...) Religion in diesem Sinne bedeutete die ständige Relativierung der von ihr selbst hervorgebrachten, unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen, der Religionen also, vor allem aber die Aufhebung ihrer unvernünftigen Antagonismen. (...)
Dieter Conrad (2006): Gandhi und der Begriff des Politischen. Staat, Religion und Gewalt. Wilhelm Fink Verlag München, S. 51-52.
(...) The assassination of Gandhiji meant a terrible loss to civilization; it is as much a loss to atheism. I was eagerly looking forward to the opportunity to discuss atheism with him at length. I was already close to him. The discussion would have taken me closer. This I say with confidence because of my experience with him. He had not been averse to my atheism nor did his god scare me away. He appreciated a principle far more for its efficacy than for its mere academic or intellectual considerations. His primary concern was humanity. On account of this deep concern, he could proclaim boldly: "I can neither say my theism is right, nor your atheism is wrong." (...)
To quote another instance: (...) "I seek for the fulfilment of my pledge the assistance of that which we may or may not call divine but we all feel within us. He (referring to me) can have the above as an alternative. All true atheists know that there is some power within them."
Of course, the outlook of the atheist is quite different from what Gandhiji evidently took it to be when he stated, "all atheists know that there is some power within them." Really, atheism is the manifestation of the free will in man. The hypotheses of "some power which we may or may not call divine", subordinates human life to that power and thereby leads to theism again. So the alternative which Bapuji gave to the Congress pledge, did not satisfy the principles of atheism.
Apart from the consideration whether the alternative which was offered by Gandhiji to the congress pledge was theistic or atheistic in nature, it was noteworthy that he moved from 'God' to 'some power which may or may not be divine' in order to accommodate me. So, I think, what was important to him was not so much the concept of god, but how far the belief or non-belief in god contributed to the commonweal. It was, perhaps, with this view that he agreed to drop the mention of god from the form of my daughter's marriage; he allowed my son-in-law to sit at the prayers without reciting the verses; he called himself a super-atheist and he wished the communities took to atheism if that 'served to stop communal hatred and riot'.
From 'Raghupati Raghava' to atheism might seem a wide leap. But to Bapuji who was pre-eminently a practical humanitarian, it was simple to negotiate where and when he felt the interests of humanity needed it. Within my knowledge, there was visible change in his attitude towards atheism between 1941 and 1948. In his letter to me dated 11-9-'41, he said, "Atheism is a denial of self. No one has succeeded in its propagation." But by 1946, while stating emphatically the difference between him and me, he was willing to leave to the future to judge whether the theistic or the atheistic thought was better. In 1948, he agreed to perform the marriage of my daughter dropping out the reference to god from the form of the ceremony.
Thus Bapuji's mind was "ever growing, ever moving forward". (Harijan, 28-7-'48 ). He was moving humanity and he was moving with humanity. He started with a humanity that believed in god of the 'Raghupati Raghava' type. As he pushed forward, he passed through the stages of 'God is Truth' and 'Truth is God'. He never allowed old forms to hamper the progress. If he felt that the progress of humanity required leaving god altogether, I am sure, he was not the man to hesitate. (...)
Andreas Müller hat geschrieben:Ist eigentlich nicht so relevant für diese Kritik, ob Gandhi Atheist war oder nicht. Er war Rassist, darum geht es vordergründig.
"[...] Mein Herz war jedenfalls bei den Zulus, und ich war sehr befriedigt, beim Erreichen des Hauptquartiers zu vernehmen, daß unsere Aufgabe in der Pflege der verwundeten Zulus bestehen sollte. Der diensttuende Stabsarzt hieß uns willkommen. Er sagte, die Weißen seien nicht gewillt, verwundete Zulus zu pflegen, deren Wunden eiterten und er sei mit seiner Weisheit am Ende. Er begrüßte unsere Ankunft als ein Gottesgeschenk für diese unschuldigen Leute [...]. Die Zulus waren froh uns zu sehen. Die weißen Soldaten schauten gewöhnlich verstohlen über den Zaun, der uns von ihnen trennte, und versuchten, uns davon abzubringen, die Wunden zu pflegen. Da wir nicht auf sie achteten, wurden sie wütend und stießen gegen die Zulus Verwünschungen aus, die sich nicht wiedergeben lassen. [...] Doch wohin wir auch kamen, ich bin Gott dankbar dafür, daß wir Gutes tun durften, nämlich, die befreundeten Zulus [...] auf unseren Bahren ins Lager zu holen und als Pfleger für sie zu sorgen."
(M. K. Gandhi: Eine Autobiographie. Oder die Geschichte meiner Experimente mit der Wahrheit. S. 265-267.)
Andreas Müller hat geschrieben:Ja, er war nicht heilig, das wollten Penn & Teller sagen. Ich finde ihren hyper-polemischen Stil auch nicht ganz in Ordnung, aber es ist trotzdem gut, wenn unsere "Heiligen" mal Kontra bekommen.
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